Management in Multinational Corporations (MNC)

Management in Multinational Corporations (MNC) The internationalization of business activity is getting progressively essential and inevitable. Of considerably significance is thus also the  globalization of human resource management. Nowadays, an  increasing and sufficient flexibility of companies is required as well as  the ability to react to local circumstances and market constraints. Hence, in order to facilitate the process of adaptation to global developments in corporations, and especially in the Human Resource  vicinity, a set of typologies/approaches have been developed for  Multinational Corporations (MNCs). In that case, the approaches can  be used to illustrate the strategic intent and the situation in which the  MNC is in (Hollinshead, 2010, p. 51). Accordingly, there are different  approaches to IHRM developed by several theorists. This paper  examines four approaches, which have been developed by the US  management theorist Howard Perlmutter (1969) and by Adler and  Ghadar, with the purpose of giving an understanding to the association  between the multinational parent in the country of origin and the  subsidiary located elsewhere. The four approaches build up in  succession by describing a trend from immature dependency of  international subsidiaries towards mature autonomy (Hollinshead,  2010, p. 52). These approaches have b een created to be applied to  managing and staffing the subsidiaries and constitute certain policies  and attitudes in managing IHRM activities. Consequently, are there any  similarities and differences between these four approaches? Discussion MNCs have to decide upon one approach to apply to the HR  activities. The best suited one can be chosen among the ethnocentric,  polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric style. Before starting to  outline parallels and divergences, it is key to get a short overview of  the characteristics of each approach. Firstly, the ethnocentric (also  called domestic) method has its focus on home market and export. Approved management techniques from the country of origin are  transferred to the operating international subsidiaries. The aim here is  to maintain the power in the home country; thus a centralized  managerial authority comes into its own (Hollinshead, 2010, p. 52). Another trait is that cultural factors do not play a role; the foreign  cultural influence is totally ignored. As outlined by Adler and Ghadar  ( 1990:242) it is more a matter of We allow you to buy our products  (Hollinshead, 2010, p. 55). Consequently, routine activities are carried  out by recruited host country nationals (HCNs), while parent country  nationals (PCNs) are in charge for the management of the subsidiary  (Hollinshead, 2010, p.52). In polycentric (international) oriented  companies, the focus lies on local receptiveness and transfer of  learning. The overseas subsidiaries are regarded as self-governing  business units, which are controlled and managed by HCNs, whereas  key decision making (e.g. financial investments, etc.) is still in the  responsibility of PCNs (Hollinshead, 2010, p. 54). The third method is  the regiocentric (multinational) approach, where the focal point is the  global strategy, low cost and price competition. This metho d is a  midway between the culture and the global profile. In this case, the  most effective managers get recruited regardless of their country of  origin, thus a sharing of common organizational culture across distinct  managerial alliances take place (Hollinshead, 2010, p.54-56). The last  approach is a geocentric (global) cultural sensitive one, where it is  concentrated on both local responsiveness and global integration. The  aim is to establish a collaboration between the parent and the  subsidiary and again between subsidiaries (Hollinshead, 2010, p. 54-56). Eventually, these approaches, when comparing, have similarities  and divergences in some aspects. In the polycentric method the  primary orientation is the market and in the geocentric one the  strategy, whereas ethnocentrism concentrates on the product or  service itself and regiocentrism on the price factor. Concerning the  worldwide strategy, the ethnocentric/domestic style permits overseas  clients to purchase the product/service, the polycentric/international  method focuses on augmenting the market internationally and to  transfer the technology abroad, whereas the regiocentric/ multinational  approach is looking forward to supply, market and produce the goods  globally, and the geocentric/global approach wants to gain global  strategic competitive advantage. Regarding the staffing of expatriates,  the international and global approach assigns many expatriates, while  the multinational method only allocates a few expatriates and the  domestic one even none. There are also differences referring to whom  gets send. In the domestic phase it doesnt matter whom to send to  the subsidiaries (regarding the fact that almost no one is sent abroad),  in contrast the international approach assembles OK performers and sales people, whilst multinational and global approaches give attention  to employ only very good performers as well as high potential managers and top executives. The aspect purpose varies again for the four approaches: the domestic one rewards employees when expatriating, the international approach regards expatriates as people who get the job done, in the multinational method a project and career development takes place and in the global approach a career and organizational development occurs. Furthermore, with referenc e to the career impact, in the domestic attitude, there is a negative career impact for expatriates, the international method states a deficient impact for the domestic career, which is in contrast to the multinational and global approach, where it is considered important for the global career and essential for the executive suit. For the matter of a professional re-entry, the domestic and international approaches aggravate this particular process to a great extent, whereas in the multinational and global methods it is less difficult to re-entry even professionally easy. Another facet, is the training and development (language and cross-cultural management) one, where in the domestic method no training is required and in the international approach only a time-span of one week. Quite the opposite is necessary for the  multinational and global ones, where training and development can be carried out throughout the career. Expatriates need also certain necessary skills. The ethnocentr ic approach requires technical and managerial skills, the polycentric one the same as the ethnocentric one plus cultural adaptation, the multinational one plus recognizing cultural differences and the global one plus cross cultural interaction, influence and synergy (Scullion Linehan, 2005, p. 28-29).To conclude, the four approaches can be splitted up to two blocks of approaches, by putting the domestic and international ones together in one block and the multinational and global approaches to the other block, with regard to similarities and differences. Eventually, it gets obvious that the multinational and global approaches are best suited for the globalizing market, because a change in business activities require also a change in HR policies and activities to be most efficient and effective.

Catcher in the Rye Song

The song â€Å"Talk†, by Coldplay is about feeling confused about life, especially about the future, and needing to talk with someone about it in order to get all the worries and concerns and fears out in the open, and hopefully try to figure out a solution to them. It is like a conversation between two people, one the person needing help, and the other the advisor. In states, â€Å"tell me how you feel.. well I feel like they’re talking in a language I don’t speak. † This song relates to Holden because its about the loneliness and depression of Holden.The tone of this song is loneliness and isolation. The mood it puts me in is lonely, heartbroken and depressed. The symbol for this song about Holden is the red hat because when he puts it on, he feels safe and makes him feel happier. This song is saying if you talk to someone about what your going through then you will feel better and get through things easier. I think the red hat symbols this song because when Holden puts in on he feels protected and in the song it saying to talk to someone and have a friend there to make you feel protected and cares for you.In the song, it states, When Holden is trying to tell people â€Å"You'll tell anyone who will listen but you feel ignored nothing's really making any sense at all,† is like when Holden is always trying to tell people about himself or about what he thinks about, but no one seems to care and Holden feels like he’s being ignored. For example, when he talks about the ducks in central park, the taxi driver refuses to talk to him about it, calling him stupid. The title it’s self says a lot about Holden already.The title of this song is â€Å"Talk†, which is something Holden doesn’t do much and such do more of. He likes to keep things to himself and when he does talk, people ignore him and think he is weird. Holden doesn’t like to talk to other people about what he’s going through becaus e he feels like they wont care so he doesn’t talk about anything and I feel like Holden should talk to people about what he’s going through so he could have feel like he’s cared for and to get advice and have a someone to guide him to the right direction.When the song says, â€Å"they're talking a language I don't speak† its about how Holden feels so disconnected from everyone else. He felt like everyone was a fake throughout the novel and that he couldn't relate to anyone. The music is very slow and mellow and makes me feel empty inside and when they sing, they say the lyrics very slowly and calm. The chorus is about all the possibilities that life holds, and all the things that we can achieve.In the song is says, â€Å"you could climb a ladder up to the sun, or write a song nobody had sung, or do something that’s never been done. † This song is also talking about his deceased brother, saying how he is â€Å"scared about the future† because he has been in and out of schools so many times it will definitely affect him. This song is about the sadness felt at not having his brother around to give him advice during a difficult time in his life. It's really sad and emotional and the guitar riffs emphasize the anguish and strong emotion.I can relate to this song. It's clearly about trying desperately to talk to someone about something but they can never speak of what's on their mind because they can never get through to anyone, so they keep their feelings to themselves. The main theme of this song is no matter what we do in life, we never do it alone. I think this song is about losing someone you really care about and finding a way to ‘talk’ but can’t get through to them through spirit. It seems to be a song about not relating to the rest of the world, and wondering what the future holds.

Course Work on Analysis of Movie Review

The author of the review has used adverbs to indicate manner, this can be shown by, for example, the use of ‘weirdly’ (5, 5). This adverb qualifies the verb ‘entertaining’ and is hence used to show how entertaining the two actors are. Adverbs of time have also been used and one example is the word ‘medieval’ (1, 3). This adverb is used to show when the tale was given. Adverbs have also been used in the review to show degree. An example of this can be shown by the author’s use of the adverb ‘almost’ to qualify the verb production. This shows to what extent the production has helped in making the movie a success. Adverbs have been used to show frequency: for example, ‘shot largely’ (5, 1), shows the number of times the movies has been shot in Croatia. Words such as ‘fortified town’ (2, 9), have been used to show where the action for the verb would occur. In this particular case the words are used to show where the two knights are led to. The author has used adjectives to describe nouns: for example the use of the adjective ‘aging’ (2, 1) to describe how the two knights look. Adjectives have also been used to indicate personal titles for example ‘Father Debelzaq’ (2, 2). The title ‘Father’ is used to qualify the noun Debelzaq in this case. The author has used adjectives to show possession; for example, ‘its cardinal’ (2, 10), is used to show the town’s cardinal. Demonstrative adjectives have been used to show particular information. For example, ‘this wrought medieval tale’ (1, 3), ‘this’ is used to show which particular tale the author is referring to. Predicative adjectives have also been used for example, ‘palpable’ (5, 8) which is a function of ‘stinking’ that links it to the noun aura. The author has not effectively used adverbs and adjectives in the review as they are few in number in the text. Also, since this is a movie review I believe that more adjectives would have been incorporated to enhance the description of the movie. Works Cited McDonagh, Maitland. Film Review: Season of the Witch. Film Journal International. 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 9 Jan. 2011. http://www.filmjournal.com/filmjournal/content_display/reviews/major-releases/e3i9d01b59e30b22e7b1ad9c81e6b7ee54e

The Sociological Imagination On My Personal Experiences

In this paper, I will use the sociological imagination to connect my personal experiences of growing up in a nuclear family to comparison of growing up in a divorced family. I’m from a nuclear family and my best friend is from a divorced family. â€Å"Some people still think the average American family consists of a husband who works in paid employment and a wife who looks after the home, living together with their children† according to Giddens, Anthony pg. 447. That’s not the case in many households. There are many differences, from values, financial issues, and how having one parent opposed to, two parents growing up. Growing up in a nuclear family household has given me the opportunity to have both parents supporting me and always being there, having both parents at special events, giving me the guidance from both perspectives man, and women, love, and financial aid. My best friends parents have been divorced for over 19 years, her living style is much differ ent. She has to make certain days available to visit her father, and her mother has financial difficulties. My personal experience can relate to chapter 15: Families and Intimate Relationships. A nuclear family is a family group consisting of a wife, a husband, and dependent children. Growing up in a nuclear family has given me the ability to see how my parents make decisions equally. For example, if I ask for something, they both think about it and let me know their final decision almost as if they were a team. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Imagination And Me Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Imagination and Me Charles Wright Mills was a writer, a researcher, a teacher, a scholar and a well known sociologist. He was the author of the 1959 book, The Sociological Imagination. This book was poorly received by the sociological community at first, but it is one of the most widely read sociological texts today. The Sociological Imagination and Mills’ other works have had an immense impact on sociology, as he influenced many other scholars and the â€Å"New Left† movement of theRead MoreLiving As Woman And A Muslim Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica The term sociological imagination was a concept constructed by the American Sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to understand how our lives are affected by the historical and sociological changes around us. In order to possess the knowledge of sociological imagination, we should be able to pull away from the current situation and be able to look and think from a different perspective. C. Wright Mills defined his concept of sociological imagination as â€Å"...the vividRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination859 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination is when an individual views his society as the potential cause for his daily successes and failures. Individuals often tend to view their personal issues as social problems and try to connect their individual experiences with the workings of society. Mills believes that this is the way for individuals to gain an understanding of their personal dilemmas. The sociol ogical imagination helps people connect their own problems with public problemsRead MoreSociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills969 Words   |  4 Pages C. Wright Mills defined sociological imagination as the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society. Understanding and being able to exercise the sociological imagination helps us understand the relationship between the individual and society. Mills focuses on the distinction between personal troubles and public issues. Having sociological imagination is critical for individual people and societies at large to understand. It is important that people areRead MoreThe Theories Of The Sociological Imagination976 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. The answer is simple by looking at the world like any great social analysts would. They do this through C. Wright Mills sociological imagination. To understand the Sociological imagination we first need to understand what the term means. It is the proces s of the mind which allows us to understand the relationship between our individual lives (personal experience) and the larger social forces (public issues) (Ferris, P.12). By understanding the framework listed above we can see how the socialRead MoreSociological Imagination Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages2014 Sociological Imagination What is sociological imagination? According to C. Wright Mills sociological imagination is the ability to see how individual experiences are connected to the larger society. Sociological perspective enables one to grasp connection to history and biography. History is the background and biography is the individual’s specific experiences. C.Wright Mills came up with the idea that in order for one to understand their personal lives the need to look beyond personal experiencesRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination : C. Wright Mills907 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the course of an individual s life a person will experience what C. Wright Mills refers to as the trap. The trap alludes to a person that can only see and understand their own small scope of life. Their frame of reference is limited to their day to day life and personal experiences that are directly related to them, they cannot see the bigger picture. They do not yet know that the sociological imagination can set them free from this trap and as C. Wright Mills said, In many ways it isRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one should be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreSociological Imagination And How Events Affect A Generation s Way Of Thinking1476 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Imagination The sociological imagination is an empathetic approach to understanding an individual by examining their biography (this includes all life experiences and upbringing) as well as the historical events that took place during their lifetime. (Basirico) It was developed by C. Right Mills. Sociological imagination explores how events in history affect a generation s way of thinking. It also takes into perspective the personal biography of an individual that exploits the interworkingRead MoreSociological Imagination Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesFrom The Sociological Imagination by C. Wright Mills addresses a distinction between personal troubles and public issues. Mills uses specific examples like unemployment and societal development. Mills explains the ability to connect the individual problems with societal problems. Throughout the text, we can see how Mills uses the perspective of an individual to explain the perspective of society and vice versa. Using sociological imagination, I w ill explain how education is influenced by society